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Lightning Phenomenon, Effects and Protection of Structures …
This paper presents a review of lightning phenomenon, its effects and sets a methodology to be followed to provide a solution to both the direct and indirect effects of a lightning …
Lightning
A bolt of lightning can travel at a speed of 45 km/s (kilometers per second) (100,000 mph, 160,000 km/h). It can reach temperatures approaching 28,000 °C (50,000 °F), hot enough to fuse soil or sand into glass channels.. An average bolt of negative lightning carries an electric current of 40 kA (kiloamperes), although some bolts can be up to 120 kA, and …
Survey of recent progress on lightning and lightning protection ...
Lightning and lightning induced effects have significant influence on many aspects affecting the public, which makes the research of lightning and lightning protection very important. ... and the characteristics of induced voltage on the pipeline were compared for different distances from the lightning strike point. Full-wave …
Electromagnetic pulse
An EMP such as a lightning strike can physically damage objects such as buildings and aircraft. The management of EMP effects is a branch of electromagnetic ... It can be shown that the non-linear Maxwell''s …
Impact of time parameters of lightning impulse on the …
1 Introduction. Lightning stroke, as a common physical phenomenon in nature, is one of the main causes of the power apparatus failure as well as the power interruption [1, 2].To assess the insulation performances of electric power equipments, standard lightning impulse, with the wave front/tail time of 1.2/50 µs, is recommended …
Lightning Protection, Surge Protection, and Earthing Manual
Figure 2.5 A typical lightning discharge with multiple wave components (strokes). Like any typical natural phenomenon, all lightning strikes are not identical but show wide variations in their parameters. The magnitude of lightning discharges around the world has been measured to range from 2 kA to more than 200 kA, with rise times to peak current of less …
Electromagnetic pulse
An EMP such as a lightning strike can physically damage objects such as buildings and aircraft. The management of EMP effects is a branch of electromagnetic ... It can be shown that the non-linear Maxwell''s equations can have time-dependent self-similar electromagnetic shock wave solutions where the electric and the magnetic field …
Lightning Protection of Aircraft: Simulation & Test
transients may damage or upset electronic components circuits. The effects of induced lightning transients on electronic cable is referred to as indirect effects of lightning. •Lightning transients typically defined in 3 quantities •Bundle current, I B •Open circuit pin voltage, V OC •Short circuit pin current, I SC 17 I BC I V OC SC
Lightning | Voltage, Causes, & Facts | Britannica
Lightning, the visible discharge of electricity that occurs when a region of a cloud acquires an excess electrical charge, either positive or negative, sufficient to break down the resistance of air. It can occur within the cloud, between clouds, between the cloud and the air, or between the cloud and the ground.
Lightning strike protection of composites
Lightning is typically simulated using large banks of energy storage capacitors in parallel or series–parallel configurations, and each waveform requires a …
ELF Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning: The Schumann Resonances
Lightning produces electromagnetic fields and waves in all frequency ranges. In the extremely low frequency (ELF) range below 100 Hz, the global Schumann Resonances (SR) are excited at frequencies of 8 Hz, 14 Hz, 20 Hz, etc. This review is aimed at the reader generally unfamiliar with the Schumann Resonances. First some historical context to …
Section 22 – Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility | DO-160
RTCA DO-160 – Section 22.0 – Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility . These test methods and procedures are provided to verify the capability of equipment to withstand a selection of test transients defined in this section which are intended to represent the induced effects of lightning.
Impact of surge arrester number and placement on reliability and ...
The lightning surge is modeled by a current and a parallel resistance (Cigre model). The resistance value is taken to be 400 Ω, which was derived by Bewley [11].According to IEC 62305-1 [12], the first lightning stroke is standardized as a unipolar current impulse with a rise time to peak of 10 μs, and a time-to-half value of 350 μs. The …
Shock Waves from a Lightning Discharge
The analytical and numerical analysis of lightning direct effects on composite structures has mainly been focused on thermo-electric effects of different lightning current components. Mechanical forces created by the electric current flow, by blasting of materials (epoxy resin, metallic protection, coatings) or by shock waves caused by a
Studies on the impact of capacitor bank switching on grid …
The response of the winding to standard 1400 kV (BIL), 1.2/50 μs lightning impulse voltage has also been studied to examine whether the standard pulse …
Surge Protection Fundamentals
A single intense storm can produce thousands of lightning strokes. Schneider Electric Data Bulletin DB03A, Surge Protection: Measured Lightning Stroke Data, describes a July 2000 storm in Tampa Florida that recorded 33,863 lightning strokes during a 14 h period.Both positive and negative polarity strokes were detected, Footnote …
Lightning Protection, Surge Protection, and Earthing …
Figure 2.5 A typical lightning discharge with multiple wave components (strokes). Like any typical natural phenomenon, all lightning strikes are not identical but show wide variations in their parameters. The magnitude of …
Structure of Energy Precipitation Induced by Superbolt‐Lightning ...
Geophysical Research Letters is an AGU journal publishing high-impact, innovative articles on major advances spanning all of the major geoscience disciplines. ... A cloud-to-ground lightning stroke emits waves with a wide range of frequencies from a range of latitudes around the lightning at the bottom of ionosphere. ... wave components only ...
The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed …
Lightning stroke can be represented by double exponential wave shape with rise and decay time durations. There are four main parameters that define the current stroke: amplitude I p, wave front time t f, wave tail time t h and the polarity, which is either positive or negative [30].Lightning stroke amplitude and front duration, have the greatest …
Section 22 – Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility | DO-160
These test methods and procedures are provided to verify the capability of equipment to withstand a selection of test transients defined in this section which are intended to represent the induced effects of lightning. The wave-forms and levels, and the pass/fail criteria for equipment performance during the test shall be listed in the ...
Frontiers | Study on debugging of lightning impulse …
Based on the existing impulse voltage generator and wave regulation components, we try to apply wave regulation methods that are easy to implement as much as possible to meet the waveform …
18.4: Capacitors and Dielectrics
Lightning is a common instance of dielectric breakdown, as air loses its ability to separate the potential difference between clouds and the point of a lightning bolt''s impact. Key Terms dielectric : An electrically insulating …
Design for DO-160 Pin Injection for Indirect Lightning
Indirect Lightning As mentioned in my previous overview post, indirect lightning simulates the coupling of energy onto a unit''s interconnecting cables in the event of a lightning strike. DO-160 is …
Chopped Wave Lightning Impulse Test (LIC) for Transformers
Introduction Terms and definitions related to lightning impulse (LI) and lightning impulse chopped (LIC) tests and general requirements for test procedures are given in IEC 60060-1. General ...
Impact of time parameters of lightning impulse on the …
In this section, we will theoretically analyse the relation between wave front time and 50% breakdown voltage in terms of volt–time characteristics of insulation dielectrics. Fig. 5 gives two volt-time curves …
ELF Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning: The …
Lightning produces electromagnetic fields and waves in all frequency ranges. In the extremely low frequency (ELF) range below 100 Hz, the global Schumann Resonances (SR) are excited at frequencies of 8 Hz, …
Capacitor Banks Switching Transients in Power Systems
Energization Inrush at the Substation 3.1.3 At the C.B.1: applying the same conditions as above, the value of the peak voltage reached 28.978 kV, then established at 17.572 kV.
Analysis of the Effect of Lightning on the Insulation Between …
Abstract. Proceeding with the characteristics of the lightning, this paper analyzed spread velocity of the lightning combined with the loop length between the terminals of the capacitor bank, dropped a conclusion that the model of distributed …
Lightning performance analysis of a rooftop grid-connected solar …
The Sustainable Energy Development Authority of Malaysia (SEDA) regularly receives complaints about damaged components and distribution boards of PV systems due to lightning strikes. Permanent and momentary interruptions of distribution circuits may also occur from the disturbance. In this paper, a solar PV Rooftop system …
The Application and Selection of Lightning Arresters
kilovolt of surge voltage. Lightning waves on overhead lines gradually attenuate with travel. When the wave runs into a change in impedance (transformer, another line, etc.), the wave continues in the same direction at a different magnitude. It will also reflect back in the direction from which it came. When a wave E1 traveling on surge
Design for DO-160 Pin Injection for Indirect Lightning
Indirect Lightning As mentioned in my previous overview post, indirect lightning simulates the coupling of energy onto a unit''s interconnecting cables in the event of a lightning strike. DO-160 is broken down into three sections; pin injection, single/multiple stroke, and multiple burst.
Protection of Low-Voltage Equipment and Systems
The other Lightning Protection Zones are located in the structure. Zone 1 (yellow color, Fig. 1), admits no direct lightning strikes, and their electromagnetic field is attenuated by the metal in the walls of the structure. Some structures can be divided by other LPZs internal to zone 1 (e.g., LPZ 2, 3,… n, and an LPZ 2 as a computer room with …
Protection of Low-Voltage Equipment and Systems
Lightning surges can affect installations, damage electronic equipment, and cause dangerous sparks that may start a fire, explosion, or electric shock, as …
Lightning Facts and Information
When the two connect, an electrical current flows as negative charges fly down the channel towards earth and a visible flash of lightning streaks upward at some 200,000,000 mph (300,000,000 kph ...